Sun: full sun or partial shade

Soil: tolerant of a variety of soil conditions; can endure wet conditions

Growth rate: moderate (1-2 ft/yr)

Mature size: 12-15 ft. height, equal spread

Landscape use: sustains wildlife; medicinal (oil extracted from stems, roots, bark); used in stream restoration; understory small tree

Fruit: seeds in woody capsules split 1 yr. after flowering

Flower: fragrant, slender, yellow flowers in autumn

Fall color: yellow; leaves persist into early winter

Seasonal interest: yellow flowers and foliage in late fall are often the only color in a winter landscape

Sustaining wildlife: host of Spring Azure butterfly; attracts beneficial insects