Sun: full sun for most lush growth

Soil: high tolerance for poor-er soils (compacted, clay, eroded), for this they are often planted on reclaimed strip-mines

Growth rate: slow (about 1 ft/yr)

Mature size: 40 ft. average max height but can grow taller

Landscape use: cover for dry ground; bird habitat; windbreak (when planted in dense stands); christmas trees

Fruit: reddish brown cones

Flower: inconspicuous flowers

Seasonal interest: scraggly (interesting) form

Sustaining wildlife: larval host to the Imperial Moth and Eastern Pine Elfin, safe nesting site for birds and small mammals, cover and browse for white-tail deer